Nicotinamide riboside chloride  别名：SRT647; 烟酰胺核糖氯酸盐

Nicotinamide riboside chloride 是一种具有口服活性的 NAD+ 的前体，增加 NAD+ 水平并激活 SIRT1 和 SIRT3。Nicotinamide riboside Chloride 是维生素 B3 (烟酸) 的来源，可以增强氧化代谢并防止高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢异常。Nicotinamide riboside可以阻止离体手术切除的背根神经节神经元的变性，并能防止噪音引起的活体小鼠听力损失。Nicotinamide riboside烟酰胺核糖苷可防止肌肉，神经和黑素细胞干细胞衰老。用nicotinamide riboside烟酰胺核糖治疗后，观察到小鼠的肌肉再生增加，人们猜测它可能会改善肝脏，肾脏和心脏等器官的再生。Nicotinamide riboside烟酰胺核糖苷还可以降低糖尿病早期和2型糖尿病模型的血糖和脂肪肝，同时防止糖尿病周围神经病变的发展。

Experimental model and subject details

Mice were housed in a light (12h light/12h dark) and temperature (22°C) controlled room and had ad libitum access to food and water throughout all experiments unless noted otherwise. Male mice on a C57BL/6NJ background were used for all experiments. For the intervention cohort, mice with a skeletal muscle and heart-specific deletion of CrAT (CrATM-/-, noted herein as knock outs or KO) and control animals (CrATfl/fl, noted herein as floxed controls or FC) were generated as previously described. Mice were fed a standard chow diet until approximately 12 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, mice were fed a high fat (HF) diet with additional sucrose (45% kcal as fat and 25% kcal as sucrose) for 15 weeks. After 15 weeks, mice were assigned to one of two experimental groups: HF or HF+NR and fed handmade food pellets containing either HF diet + vehicle (water) or HF diet + NR (350 mg/kg/day) for 14 weeks prepared as previously described. Briefly, group housed mice were weighed after 14 weeks of HF diet feeding; and body weight plus estimated daily food intake were used to calculate the amount (in grams) of NR chloride (MW: 290.7 g/mol) to add to the diet to achieve a dose that approximates 350 mg NR/kg body weight/day. Calculations were adjusted throughout the study to account for mouse body weight gain over time. On the day of diet preparation, NR chloride was weighed and dissolved in a known volume of double distilled (dd) water at room temperature. Frozen diet was powdered via food processor, weighed, and mixed with NR chloride dissolved in dd water (HF+NR) or dd water without NR chloride (HF). Food was pressed into small pellets by hand; and pellets were dried under laminar flow hood overnight at room temperature and stored in airtight bags at -20°C until use. To minimize potential NR degradation, fresh food pellets were added to the cages every 24-48 hours and provided in an amount intended to minimize excess. To assure that even small amounts of the food did not remain in the cages for extended periods, all food was emptied from the cages at least once per week. For the prevention cohort, male C57BL/6NJ mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories. Mice were fed a standard chow diet until approximately 13 weeks of age and divided into two experimental groups: HF or HF+NR and fed handmade pellets containing either HF diet + vehicle (water) or HF diet + NR (350mg/kg/day) for 21-22 weeks.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8741497/