2-Deoxy-D-glucose  别名：2-DG; 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose; D-Arabino-2-deoxyhexose; 2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) 是一种葡萄糖类似物，为葡萄糖代谢抑制剂，通过作用于己糖激酶 (hexokinase) 来抑制糖酵解 (glycolysis)。在所有 16 种肿瘤细胞系中，DG 摄取量与 3-O-MG 转运之间有明显的相关性（p = 0.0012，F 检验），但 DG 摄取量与己糖激酶活性之间没有相关性。肿瘤细胞的己糖激酶活性与处于指数生长期的人类成纤维细胞相当。胰岛素（ED(50) = 0.6 mU/ml）能以剂量依赖的方式增加离体大鼠比目鱼肌中经 2-脱氧葡萄糖（2DG）培养后的 2DG6P 含量，最大反应量约为体外基础含量的 5 倍。2-DG increased mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulated Bax/Bcl-2, promoting cytochrome c release to initiate procaspase 3 cleavage induced by buforin IIb.

2-DG plus BCNU significantly suppressed tumor growth with lower side effects compared with BCNU alone in tumor-bearing mice. 2-DG also exerts anticonvulsant effects in vivo against perforant path kindling in rats.

Rats fed the 2-DG diet exhibited significant reductions in resting BP, attenuated BP responses during stress, and accelerated recovery to baseline after stress. Plasma concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were elevated under nonstress conditions in rats fed the 2-DG diet and exhibited differential responses to single (enhanced response) and multiple (reduced response) stress sessions compared with rats fed control rat chow ad libitum. The 2-DG diet improved glucose metabolism, as indicated by decreased concentrations of blood glucose and insulin under nonstress conditions, but glucose and insulin responses to stress were maintained.

DEN and 2-DG model in the rat
Male 10–12 week old Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 220–240 g were maintained at an animal facility under pathogen-free conditions. To induce HCC, N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dilution of 1/10,000 (95 mg/l), was added to the drinking water of rats for 13 weeks. Subsequently, the water was replaced by normal sterile water and certain rats received 0.75 g/kg 2-DG, dissolved in normal saline solution via intraperitoneal (IP) injection once every 3 days until the end of the 17th week after initial DEN administration. A total of 30 rats (control group, n=5; 2-DG group, n=5; DEN group, n=10; DEN+2-DG group, n=10) were kept and assessed for survival time and 20 rats (DEN group, n=10; DEN+2-DG group, n=10) were sacrificed through cervical dislocation at 17 weeks in order to observe their primary liver tumors. The tumors were measured with a micrometer up to a maximum diameter of 3 mm. The tumor volumes were calculated using the following formula: Volume=axb2/2 (‘a’ is the maximal diameter and ‘b’ was the minimal diameter).
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/mmr/11/3/1917

2-DG in an Animal Model With CIA
Bovine type II collagen (2 mg/ml) was mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (2 mg/ml) at a one to one ratio. One hundred microliters of emulsion was injected intradermally into six-week-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats at the tail root (n=12). One week later, these rats received an intradermal booster injection with 100 μL of emulsion of bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant at a one to one ratio. Other rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as healthy controls (n=12). An aqueous solution of 2-DG (100 mg/mL) was prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of 2-DG powder in sterile water and was intraperitoneally injected on 3 day before the first injection of collagen. Those rats receiving collagen injections were intraperitoneally administered PBS (n=6) or 2-DG (n=6) (50 mg/kg) twice per week (a total of 6 times, once every 3.5 days). Additionally, those healthy rats receiving the PBS injection in place of collagen were simultaneously treated with 2-DG as a control (n=6). Clinical arthritis scores were calculated according to paw thickness measurements and histologic evidence. The rats were sacrificed on the 21 day after the first 2-DG injection. The hind paws of the rats were collected, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for histochemical analysis.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8440946/