脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS,AbMole,M9524)是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外膜的主要成分,它能触发大量促炎细胞因子释放,是诱导实验性大/小鼠脓毒症的经典工具分子。该模型具有操作简便、重复性好、构建成本低廉等优势,广泛应用于脓毒症发病机制研究及药物筛选。
一、LPS脓毒症造模机理
LPS(Lipopolysaccharide,脂多糖,AbMole,M9524)能与大/小鼠免疫细胞表面的 TLR4/MD-2 复合物特异性结合,激活 NF-κB、MAPK 等多条核心炎症信号通路,诱导大量促炎细胞因子(如 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)和趋化因子爆发式释放,引发全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),进而进展为大/小鼠脓毒症模型、感染性休克甚至多器官功能衰竭。
二、LPS的选择
LPS(Lipopolysaccharide,脂多糖,AbMole,M9524)的选择需根据模型差异选择合适的血清型。不同血清型的LPS在动物体内诱导的炎症反应强度和模式存在显著差异。
三、模式动物的选择
1. 小鼠品系
四、具体实验流程
1. 实验动物:
根据研究目的选择适配的啮齿类动物品系(小鼠推荐 C57BL/6,大鼠推荐 SD),SPF 级,雄性/雌性均可,建议 6-8 周龄,体重 20-25g(小鼠)/200-250g(大鼠),实验前适应性饲养 7 天,自由摄食饮水,12h 光暗循环,环境温度 22 ± 2℃,湿度 50 ± 5%。
2. 主要试剂:
LPS(根据研究需求选择对应血清型,常用大肠杆菌 O111:B4、O55:B5等),无菌生理盐水(0.9% NaCl),75% 医用酒精,碘伏,肝素钠(抗凝剂),4% 多聚甲醛(组织固定液),RIPA 裂解液,蛋白酶/磷酸酶抑制剂,ELISA 检测试剂盒(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 等炎症因子),血生化检测试剂盒(肌酐、尿素氮、ALT、AST、CK-MB 等器官功能指标)。
3. 主要仪器与耗材:
电子天平(精度 0.1mg),超净工作台,高压蒸汽灭菌锅,离心机,酶标仪,生化分析仪,小动物麻醉机,体温监测仪,血压监测仪,无菌注射器(1mL/5mL),无菌针头,EP 管,离心管,组织匀浆器,切片机,光学显微镜等。
4. LPS 试剂溶解与配制:
5. 动物注射方案:
6. 给药操作:
五、动物建模表征
LPS(Lipopolysaccharide,脂多糖,AbMole,M9524)诱导脓毒症模型的成功构建,需通过多维度的综合验证:
参考文献及鸣谢:
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