Hydroxyurea (NSC-32065) 具有抗肿瘤活性，通过抑制核苷二磷酸还原酶而抑制DNA合成（DNA Synthesis）。
别名：NSC-32065; NCI-C04831; Hydroxycarbamide
Hydroxyurea (NSC-32065) is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hydroxyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO.
| 体外实验* | |
|---|---|
| 细胞系 | Erythroid cells |
| 方法 | Obtain erythroid cells from peripheral blood of the same patients(Thirteen β-Thal/HbE patients which are treated with hydroxyurea orally for 2 years at a starting dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week with escalation to a maximum of 10 mg/kg/day) 1 year after they had stopped hydroxyurea treatment are treated with hydroxyurea in vitro.Treatment of cells performs in primary culture with 30 μM hydroxyurea for 96 hours. |
| 浓度 | 30 μM |
| 处理时间 | 96 h |
*上述方法来自公开文献，仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同，请参考其他文献。
| 体内实验* | |
|---|---|
| 动物模型 | Female athymic (nu/nu) nude mice(used for xenograft model) |
| 配制 | saline |
| 剂量 | 1500 mg/kg |
| 给药处理 | i.p. |
*上述方法来自公开文献，仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同，请参考其他文献。
| 分子量 | 76.05 |
| 分子式 | CH4N2O2 |
| CAS号 | 127-07-1 |
| 溶解性（25°C） | DMSO 50 mg/mL Water 30 mg/mL |
| 储存条件 |
粉末型式 -20°C 3年；4°C 2年 溶于溶剂 -80°C 6个月；-20°C 1个月 |
| 运输方式 | 冰袋运输，根据产品的不同，可能会有相应调整。 |
*下述溶液配置方法仅为基于分子量计算出的理论值。不同产品在配置溶液前，需考虑其在不同溶剂中的溶解度限制。
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 13.1492 mL | 65.7462 mL | 131.4924 mL |
| 5 mM | 2.6298 mL | 13.1492 mL | 26.2985 mL |
| 10 mM | 1.3149 mL | 6.5746 mL | 13.1492 mL |
| 小鼠 | 大鼠 | 兔 | 豚鼠 | 仓鼠 | 狗 | |
| 重量 (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| 体表面积 (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km 系数 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| 动物 A (mg/kg) = 动物 B (mg/kg) × | 动物 B的Km系数 |
| 动物 A的Km系数 |
例如，依据体表面积折算法，将化合物用于小鼠的剂量20 mg/kg 换算成大鼠的剂量，需要将20 mg/kg 乘以小鼠的Km系数（3），再除以大鼠的Km系数（6），得到化合物用于大鼠的等效剂量为10 mg/kg。
[1] Martin Griesshammer, et al. A review of hydroxyurea-related cutaneous adverse events
[3] Patrick T McGann, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell anemia
[4] Orah S Platt. Hydroxyurea for the treatment of sickle cell anemia
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